Из чего делают имитацию кирпичной стены: 7 способов, фото и видео

материалы и технологии, пошаговая инструкция :: SYL.ru

В современных интерьерах в стиле лофт и кантри очень часто встречаются кирпичные стены. Они подчеркивают натуральность и благородство оформления. Однако похвастаться наличием настоящей стены из кирпича в собственной квартире может редкий счастливчик.

Что же делать приверженцам подобного дизайна? Для них придумано несколько способов отделки стен, позволяющих воспроизвести цвет и фактуру природного строительного материала. Все доступные варианты изготовления имитации кирпичной кладки мы рассмотрели в нашей статье.

Какие варианты создания кирпичной поверхности нам доступны?

Оформить бетонное основание в виде стены из старинного кирпича можно несколькими способами. Самый простой – использование готовых панелей для внутренней отделки. Они изготавливаются из пластика и имеют вид квадрата, лицевая сторона которого декорирована под настоящий кирпич.

Такая отделка выполняется быстро, стоит приемлемо, но и выглядит не очень реалистично. К тому же не всякий интерьер приемлет наличие искусственных материалов.

Если вы хотите сделать более реалистичную имитацию кирпичной кладки, используйте один из следующих видов отделки:

• плитку;
• штукатурку;
• шпатлевку;
• картон;
• пенопласт;
• обои;
• краску.

Выбор достаточно разнообразен. Сразу остановиться на каком-то варианте невозможно. Если у вас не слишком ограничен бюджет, отдайте предпочтение готовым плиткам под кирпич. В тех случаях, когда вам нужно обновить интерьер с минимумом затрат, используйте подручные материалы. Для проведения таких работ потребуется много времени, но результат вас обязательно порадует.

Рассмотрим технологию использования каждого метода создания имитации кирпичной кладки своими руками.

Плитка для отделки стен

На строительном рынке вы можете приобрести несколько разновидностей плитки с имитацией кирпичиков. Это могут быть керамические изделия, гибкие элементы и квадраты из гипса.

Керамическая отделка традиционна. Ее аналог можно встретить практически в каждой ванной. Она имеет один недостаток – глянцевый блеск. Это позволяет отличить стену от настоящей кладки. Если вы предпочти готовый вариант, рассмотрите возможность применения клинкерной плитки под старинный кирпич. Она повторяет все неровности натурального материала, что делает поверхности очень схожими с оригиналом.

Гибкие элементы также могут стать отличным выбором. Такие плитки состоят из ПВХ-основы, слоя из стекловолокна и полиуретанового покрытия. Этот вариант износоустойчив и удобен в применении.

Самым популярным материалом для имитации кирпичной кладки считается гипсовый кирпичик. Он отличается легким весом, богатой цветовой гаммой, доступной стоимостью и легкостью монтажа. Можно даже самостоятельно сделать такую облицовку. В этом случае затраты будут сведены к минимуму.

Способ создания гипсового кирпичика

Для изготовления кирпичиков вам понадобится специальная форма и гипсовая смесь. Емкость можно приобрести на любом строительном рынке. Она представлена в виде квадратной формы, дно которой оформлено в виде рельефов.

Процесс изготовления делится на 3 этапа:

1. Подготовьте форму к работе. Смажьте ее мыльным раствором или вазелином.
2. Приготовьте раствор. В сухую смесь постепенно вливайте воду до тех пор, пока жидкость не приобретет вязкость жирной сметаны.
3. Залейте смесь в формочку. Толщина слоя раствора соответствует желаемой толщине кирпичика. Для самых тонких изделий достаточно 5 мм, но подобная отделка будет чаще ломаться. Если вы сделаете кирпичики сильно толстыми, то вам понадобится больше затирочной смеси для заполнения швов.
4. Через пол часа проверьте плотность раствора. Если изделия высохли, аккуратно переверните форму и достаньте готовый материал.

Чтобы имитация кирпичной кладки на стене выглядела реалистично, каждый элемент облицовки покройте краской. В некоторых случаях может потребоваться несколько обработок.

Как оформить стену кирпичиками из гипса?

Технология облицовки стен плиткой под кирпич состоит из этапов разметки поверхности, выполнения кладки и затирки швов. Сначала внизу стены начертите ровную линию. Над ней начинайте выкладывать первый ряд. Между соседними элементами оставляйте зазор для оформления шва.

В качестве клеящего состава можно использовать специальный клей для гипса и даже жидкие гвозди. Второй ряд начинайте с половинки изделия. Так имитация кирпичной кладки будет выполняться в шахматном порядке, что придаст стене естественный внешний вид.

Чередуя ряды, облицуйте всю поверхность. По окончанию работ заполните швы затирочной смесью соответствующего цвета. Если кирпичики укладываются на кухне, покройте облицовку слоем прозрачного лака. Он защитит изделие от воздействия влаги.

Трафареты и формы для работы со штукатуркой

Долговечную и красивую отделку в виде кирпичиков можно создать при помощи обычной штукатурки. Однако для таких работ вам потребуются шаблоны и другие вспомогательные средства.

Сегодня в любом магазине можно приобрести трафарет для имитации кирпичной кладки. Он представлен в виде своеобразной сетки, помогающей создавать швы между кирпичиками. Ее укладывают на стену, сверху наносят штукатурку, после чего трафарет снимается.

Также для данной цели можно использовать бумажный скотч или армированную ленту. Ее предварительно клеят на стену в местах, где планируются швы между кирпичиками.

Подготовка поверхности перед работой

Создание имитации кирпичной кладки для дома снаружи или внутри помещения начинается с подготовки поверхности. Стены выравниваются, снимается старая облицовка.

Если на основании имеются бугры, их сбивают. Впадины замазываются шпатлевкой. Когда кирпичики укладываются на старую краску, в стене делают насечки. Поверхности несколько раз грунтуются. Для этой цели подходят универсальные средства на основе акрила.

После выравнивания можно приступать к декоративной облицовке.

Как создать имитацию кирпичной кладки из штукатурки?

Если для декорирования стены вы выбрали готовый трафарет, закрепите его на поверхности. В случае использования скотча все основание предварительно разметьте. Сделайте это следующим образом:

1. Через каждые 7,5 см установите точки с одного края стены (двигаясь от пола до потолка). Аналогичным образом сделайте метки на другом краю. Проведите прямые линии между противоположными точками.
2. Поверх линий наклейте бумажный скотч. Оптимальная толщина ленты – 1,5 см. Горизонтальность полос проверьте уровнем.
3. Через каждые 25 см проклейте вертикальные линии. При этом во второй полосе первую отметку поставьте через 12,5 см. Так у вас получится кладка в шахматном порядке.

После разметки можно оформлять имитацию кирпичной кладки. Своими руками это сделать не сложно. Просто замешайте раствор, следуя инструкции от производителя, после чего нанесите штукатурку при помощи кельмы. Толщина слоя 3-5 мм.

После выравнивания раствора начинайте тянуть концы скотча. Обратите внимание на то, что бумажная лента быстро размокает, поэтому действуйте быстро. После снятия скотча на стене прорисуется четкий рисунок швов. Таким образом на поверхности появятся кирпичики из штукатурки. Если края получились острыми, загладьте их наждачной бумагой.

Окрашивание поверхности из штукатурки

После высыхания покройте кирпичики краской подходящего цвета. Можно использовать латексные, акриловые и водоэмульсионные составы.

Швы между кирпичиками окрасьте отдельным цветом. Для этой цели используйте тонкую кисть и контрастную краску. Чаще всего применяются белые оттенки. Так имитация кирпичной кладки в интерьере выглядит эффектно и натурально.

Если не хотите тратить время на окрашивание, добавьте колер сразу в штукатурную смесь. Но при этом замешивайте раствор сразу на всю стену, иначе оттенок разных партий может отличаться.

Имитация кирпичиков из шпаклевки

Создать подобие кирпичной стены можно и из шпаклевки. Однако в таком случае глубина швов будет минимальна. Технология проведения работ аналогична принципу работы со штукатуркой. Сначала производится разметка, затем наносится смесь.

Также можно использовать специальный валик для имитации кирпичной кладки. Он помогает создать текстуру камня и обозначить швы. Все что вам нужно – нанести на стену рабочую смесь и пройтись по всей поверхности соответствующим инструментом. После высыхания состава нанесите на декоративный слой подходящую краску и прорисуйте швы между кирпичиками.

Декорирование стены при помощи пенопласта

В качестве материала для создания кирпичиков можно использовать доступный пенопласт. Для этой цели используются как большие листы, так и маленькие потолочные плитки.

Для начала начертите на листе прямые линии через каждые 70 мм. В них нарисуйте вертикальные полосы с шагом в 170 мм. Разрежьте плиту строительным ножом по начерченным линям. Так у вас получатся кирпичики оптимального размера.

Если вам нужна ровная стена, сразу зафиксируйте элементы на основании. Чтобы создать плитку под старинный кирпич, лицевую сторону изделий нужно сделать кривой.

Готовые элементы закрепите на заранее прогрунтованной стене. Для этого можно использовать клей ПВА и жидкие гвозди. Готовую облицовку покройте краской и отдельно оформите швы.

Имитация кирпичиков из картона

Создать эффектную отделку в виде кирпичной стены можно из обыкновенного гофракартона. Для этого подойдут любые коробки из под бытовой техники, строительных материалов и прочих вещей.

Имитация создается следующим образом:

1. Начертите на картоне кирпичики необходимого размера. Лучше брать за основу габариты обычного строительного материала.
2. При помощи канцелярского ножа и линейки разрежьте лист по указанной разметке. Так вы получите прямоугольные элементы.
3. Подготовьте стену. Очистите ее от загрязнений, старых материалов, сгладьте неровности.
4. Обработайте основание грунтовкой.
5. Сделайте разметку на стене. При этом учитывайте размеры ваших кирпичиков. Ровность линий проверьте строительным уровнем.
6. На изнаночную сторону кирпичиков из картона нанесите клей ПВА. Плотно прижмите прямоугольный элемент к стене. В соответствии с разметкой зафиксируйте на основании все кирпичики.
7. Нанесите на оклеенную стену слой ПВА. Расположите поверх кирпичиков бумажную салфетку. При этом выравнивать мелкие складки не нужно. Плотно прижмите салфетки к картону, продавите их вглубь в местах швов.
8. Еще раз нанесите на поверхность клей и зафиксируйте на нем второй слой салфеток. Хорошо прижмите их к стене. Оставьте поверхность высыхать.

Таким образом у вас получится рельефная имитация кирпичной кладки. Из шпаклевки, гипса и штукатурки отделка получается более прочной, однако метод с использованием картона самый быстрый и экономичный.

После высыхания клея вы можете окрасить поверхность в любой цвет. Как и во всех предыдущих вариантах, швы оформляются яркой краской при помощи тонкой кисти. Чтобы продлить срок службы такой стены, покройте отделку слоем бесцветного лака. Он защитит бумагу от негативного воздействия влаги и сделает декоративный слой более прочным.

Выводы

Популярность отделки с имитацией кирпичной стены поспособствовала созданию множества вариантов ее изготовления. Это позволяет подобрать вариант, который устроит любого домовладельца. Однако помните, подобный метод отделки требует тщательной подготовки основания.

Кирпичная кладка приемлет только ровные стены. При этом абсолютно не имеет значения стоимость выбранной вами облицовки. Если в процессе монтажа дорогой плитки были допущены ошибки, итоговый результат оставит желать лучшего. При этом дешевый картон, зафиксированный на ровной стене, будет выглядеть гораздо привлекательнее.

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She’s a 90023 brick wall 90012. 90013 90026 90027 90018 90015 90023 1992 90012, Judith Caseley, 90044 My Father, The Nutcase 90045, page 34: 90020 90021 90006 “Does he talk much? I mean, does he initiate conversation?” 90115 “No.He’s a 90023 brick wall 90012, “I said. 90013 90026 90027 90018 90015 90023 1997 90012, Edward R.F. Sheeran, 90044 Cardinal Galsworthy 90045, page 182: 90020 90021 90006 Having uttered these benign assurances, Mr Burner III became a 90023 brick wall 90012. 90013 90026 90027 90018 90037 90018 90138 90139 Related terms [edit] 90140 90139 Translations [edit] 90140 90004 Verb [edit] 90005 90006 90007 brick wall 90008 (90009 third-person singular simple present 90010 90011 brick walls 90012, 90009 present participle 90010 90011 brick walling 90012, 90009 simple past and past participle 90010 90011 brick walled 90012) 90013 90014 90015 To build a brick wall around.90028 90015 90023 2013 90012, Cyril A. Peters, 90044 Ignoble Imitation 90045, 90046 → ISBN 90047, page 98: 90020 90021 90006 They forcefully imprisoned her in a decorative room and 90023 brick walled 90012 it. 90013 90026 90027 90018 90037 90018 90015 (sound engineering) To filter using a brick wall filter. 90028 90015 90023 2005 90012, Douglas Spotted Eagle, 90044 Instant Digital Audio 90045, 90046 → ISBN 90047, page 77: 90020 90021 90006 Audio recorded too quietly means that there is more opportunity for noise, even in today’s digital workflow.Audio recorded too loud will distort in the analog world, and will simply “90023 brick wall 90012” in digital terms. 90013 90026 90027 90018 90037 90018 90015 To halt or limit abruptly. 90028 90015 90023 2012 90012, Geoff Dyer, 90044 The Colour of Memory 90045, 90046 → ISBN 90047: 90020 90021 90006 The driver stopped the cab on the spot, 90023 brick-walled 90012 it then and there. 90013 90026 90027 90018 90015 90023 2017 90012 August 21, Bradford Doolittle, “Justin Verlander’s domination of Dodgers looked like Astros audition”, in 90044 ESPN 90045: 90020 90021 90006 Baseball’s unstoppable force – the 2017 Los Angeles Dodgers – ran smack into peak-form Verlander, who 90023 brick-walled 90012 their six-game winning streak.90013 90026 90027 90018 90037 90018 90015 To be uncooperative and unresponsive. 90028 90015 90023 2012 90012, Donald Moffitt, 90044 A Gathering of Stars 90045, 90046 → ISBN 90047: 90020 90021 90006 They wanted to know how successful the attack had been. But you 90023 brick-walled 90012 them. 90013 90026 90027 90018 90015 90023 2012 90012, Virdean, 90044 Making the Rules 90045, 90046 → ISBN 90047: 90020 90021 90006 My rapid dial would not work, and when I was finally able to get a Homeland Security office phone number to reach you, the receptionist 90023 brick walled 90012 me.90013 90026 90027 90018 90015 90023 2017 90012, Lauren Layne, 90044 Ready To Run: I Do, I Do not 90045, 90046 → ISBN 90047: 90020 90021 90006 But he’d 90023 brick-walled 90012 her on something that obviously caused him pain. 90013 90026 90027 90018 90037 90018 90138 .90000 history of the brick | HISTORY BLOGS 90001 90002 90003 90002 90005 The History of Bricks and Brickmaking. 90006 90003 90008 Bricks are one of the oldest known building materials dating back to 7000BC where they were first found in southern Turkey and around Jericho. The first bricks were sun dried mud bricks. Fired bricks were found to be more resistant to harsher weather conditions, which made them a much more reliable brick for use in permanent buildings, where mud bricks would not have been sufficient.Fired brick were also useful for absorbing any heat generated throughout the day, then releasing it at night 90003 90008 The Ancient Egyptians also used sun dried mud bricks as building materials, evidence of which can still be seen today at ruins such as Harappa Buhen and Mohenjo-daro. Paintings on the tomb walls of Thebes portray slaves mixing, tempering and carrying clay for the sun dried bricks. These bricks also consisted of a 4: 2: 1 ratio which enabled them to be laid more easily. 90003 90008 The Romans further distinguished those which had been dried by the sun and air and those bricks which were burnt in a kiln.Preferring to make their bricks in the spring, the Romans held on to their bricks for 2 years before they were used or sold. They only used clay which was whitish or red for their bricks. 90013 Using mobile kilns, the Romans were successful in introducing kiln fired bricks to the whole of the Roman Empire. The bricks were then stamped with the mark of the legion who supervised the brick production. These bricks differed from other ancient bricks in size and shape. Roman bricks were more commonly round, square, oblong, triangular or rectangular.The kiln fired bricks were generally 1 or 2 Roman foot by 1 Roman foot, but with some larger bricks at up to 3 Roman feet. The Romans preferred this type of brick making during the first century of their civilisation and used the bricks for public and private buildings all over the empire. 90003 90008 The Greeks also considered perpendicular brick walls more durable than stone walls and used them for public edifices. They also realised how the modern brick was less susceptible to erosion than the old marble walls.90003 90008 During the 12th century bricks were reintroduced to northern Germany from northern Italy. This created the brick gothic period which was a reduced style of Gothic architecture previously very common in northern Europe. The buildings around this time were mainly built from fired red clay bricks. Brick Gothic style buildings can be found in the Baltic countries Sweden, Denmark, Poland, Germany, Finland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Belarus and Russia. The brick gothic period can be categorized by the lack of figural architectural sculptures which had previously been carved in stone.The Gothic figures were impossible to create out of bulky bricks at that time, but could be identified by the use of split courses of bricks in varying colours, red bricks, glazed bricks and white lime plaster. Eventually special shaped bricks were introduced which would imitate the architectural sculptures. 90013 During the renaissance and Baroque periods, exposed brick walls became unpopular and brickwork was generally covered by plaster. Only during the mid 18th century did visible brick walls again regain some popularity.90003 90008 90005 Bricks now 90006 90003 90008 Bricks are more commonly used in the construction of buildings than any other material except wood. Brick and terracotta architecture is dominant within its field and a great industry has developed and invested in the manufacture of many different types of bricks of all shapes and colours. With modern machinery, earth moving equipment, powerful electric motors and modern tunnel kilns, making bricks has become much more productive and efficient.Bricks can be made from variety of materials the most common being clay but also calcium silicate and concrete. With clay bricks being the more popular, they are now manufactured using three processes soft mud, dry press and extruded. Also during 2007 the new ‘fly ash’ brick was created using the by-products from coal power plants. 90003 90008 Good quality bricks have a major advantage over stone as they are reliable, weather resistant and can tolerate acids, pollution and fire. Bricks can be made to any specification in colour, size and shape which makes bricks easier to build with than stone.Brickwork is also much cheaper than cut stone work. However there are some bricks which are more porous and therefore more susceptible to dampness when exposed to water. For best results in any construction work, the correct brick must be chosen in accordance with the job specifications. 90003 90008 90005 Brick Composition 90006 90003 90008 Building bricks are a mixture of clay and sand which is mixed with water to create the correct consistency. Sometimes the bricks also have added lime, ash or organic matter which speeds up the burning of the brick.The clay mixture is then formed in moulds to the desired specification ready to be dried then burnt in the kiln. Clay: The properties and quality of bricks depend on the type of clay used. The most common form of clay used for everyday bricks, is that with a sandy consistency, silicate or alumina, which usually contains small quantities of lime or iron oxide. Silica, when added to pure clay in the form of sand, prevents cracking, shrinking and warping. If there is a large proportion of sand used in the mixture the brick will be more textured and shapely.An excess of sand, however, renders the bricks too brittle and destroys cohesion. 25% of silica is said to be advantageous. Iron oxide in the clay enables the silica and alumina to fuse and adds considerably to the hardness and strength of the bricks. The iron content of the brick is evident in the colour of the brick and can be used to add the colour red into the bricks. However a clay which burns to a red colour will provide a stronger brick than clay which burns to a white or yellow brick. The lime content in a brick has two different effects.It stops the raw brick from shrinking and drying out, and it also acts as a flux during burning which causes the silica to melt and creates the bond which binds all the components of the brick together. However, too much lime can cause the brick to melt and loose shape. Any amount of quicklime within a brick is detrimental to its quality and can cause the brick to split into pieces. For the best qualities of pressed brick the clay is carefully selected both colour and composition. Clay from different sources is also often mixed together to create the desired mixture.90003 90008 90005 Manufacturing Processes 90006 90003 90008 Handmade bricksused to be very commonly used throughout the UK. The process involves putting the clay, water and additives into a large pit where it is all mixed together by a tempering wheel generally still powered by horse power. Once the mixture is of the correct consistency, the clay is removed and pressed into moulds by hand. To prevent the brick from sticking to the mould, the brick is coated in either sand or water. Named ‘slop moulding’ when dipped in water and ‘sand struck’ when coated in sand.Coating the brick with sand however gives an overall better finish to the brick. Once shaped, the bricks are laid outside to dry by air and sun where they will be drying for three to four days. After this process the bricks are then transferred to the kiln for burning. If green bricks are left outside for the drying process and are left out during a shower; the water leaves an indentation of the brick is considered very undesirable. However this does not affect the strength properties of the bricks.Bricks are now more generally made by large scale manufacturing processes using machinery. This is a large scale effort and produces bricks which have been burned in patent kilns. There are three different types of manufacturing process for machine made bricks – the soft mud process, the stiff mud process and the dry clay process for which machines are specifically designed. 90003 90008 The ‘90005 Soft mud 90006’ process is similar to that of 90005 handmade bricks 90006. In the Soft Mud process that clay contains too much water to be extruded as the clay is left to soak in water for 24 hours.For this process three pits are usually in operation at any one time to keep the production flowing. Occasionally the clay is worked in a pug mill before being thrown into the machine. Due to the 20% water content of the clay, wooden moulds are generally used and are lined with either oil or sand to stop the clay sticking. After being drawn from the machine the filled moulds are emptied by hand and the bricks taken to the dry shed. So the soft mud bricks can be dried properly, both handmade soft mud bricks and machine made (more mass produced) bricks will both be placed in a large dryer which is separate from the extrusion dryer.90003 90008 The ‘90005 Stiff mud 90006’ process differs because only enough water to create plasticity is added to the clay, approximately 12% water. Clay is then extruded through a ‘die’ to produce a long stream of pressed clay which is then cut to size by the machine. The die sizes and cutter wire are calculated to compensate for the shrinkage of the brick during drying and firing. Attachments can also be added to the die which gives the brick its texture from brush, roll, and scratch to roughen.Green bricks are then dried out carefully to ensure a consistent colour and strength. Because Soft Mud bricks have been created under little or no pressure, their density is not as great as that of Stiff Mud bricks. It has been argued that when Soft Mud bricks have been made and burned properly they are possibly the most durable brick. However Stiff mud bricks can have defects or planes of separation which can affect the bricks durability. However as Stiff Mud bricks are becoming increasingly cheaper to produce these are becoming the more popular.90003 90008 The ‘90005 Repressing 90006’ of a brick is to re-shape the brick or round of any corners dependent on specification. Both types of soft mud and stiff mud bricks can be repressed when they are only partially dried. This is done by placing the bricks in metal moulds and putting them under great pressure before burning. Pressed bricks however are machine moulded bricks where the clay being used is already nearly dry. This process can make a significant difference on the appearance of the bricks.Bricks made using this process generally are more difficult to compress. Dry pressed bricks however are now commonly used for face bricks. Pressed bricks generally mean dry pressed bricks, but many face bricks are made by repressing soft mud bricks. 90003 90008 ‘90005 Cement 90006’ bricks made from Portland cement, these bricks are machine moulded into size and shape to match the size of clay bricks. These are extensively used in some regions. 90003 90008 ‘90005 Hollow, Terracotta or Tile 90006’.This type of product can made into practically and size or shape for any kind of use. Blocks made of terra-cotta are light and durable. For use in partitions the terra-cotta is mixed with sawdust which burns off in the kiln, but creates a more porous brick. Terra-cotta can be glazed or unglazed. 90003 90008 90005 Facing Bricks Types of 90006: – 90003 90008 Facing bricks are uniform in colour and shape and can now be made to any almost any specification, texture, colour and size. 90003 90008 90005 Wirecut extruded 90006 bricks.For this type of brick the clay is extruded and cut by wore into individual bricks. This is a very cost effective way of producing bricks and is done by an automated production process. These bricks are readily available in a variety of styles and colours. 90003 90008 90005 Stock bricks 90006; are usually slightly more expensive than 90005 wirecut Bricks 90006. These are a soft mud brick which are sometimes irregular in shape. 90003 90008 90005 Handmade bricks 90006; as previously discussed above, handmade bricks are very desirable and individual in shape and colour.This brick is one of the most expensive sorts of brick. 90003 90008 90005 Fletton 90006 or 90005 London Brick 90006; is a brick made from clay extracted from the south east of England which contains traces of oil which is burnt off during the burning process in the kiln. 90003 90008 90005 Arch and Clinker 90006 bricks This term is used for bricks which are burned immediately. They are over burnt and sometimes distorted in shape. Body, Cherry and / or hard bricks. These bricks are of a higher quality and are generally the bricks that were in the centre of the pile of bricks which have been burned.These bricks are top bricks as they have a higher overall quality and finish. Cherry is used as a term when the clay which has been used burns red. 90003 90008 90005 Salmon, Pale or Soft bricks. 90006 These are the bricks which were nearer to the outside of the kiln during burning which means they are slightly under burnt. These bricks are generally softer than the bricks taken from the centre of the kiln are therefore are of a lesser quality, although this does not affect the overall shape of the brick.These bricks are generally used for the interior of walls. 90003 90008 90005 Waterstruck Brick 90006 This type of brick is a soft mud moulded brick. It uses alluvial clay which deposited at the end of the last ice age. The clay is pressed into mould lined with silicate. When the bricks are removed from their mould, they are left with a textured effect which can only be achieved using this method. This type of brick looks old and handmade even when new. 90003 90008 90005 Engineering Bricks 90006 Engineering bricks are called so due to their overall strength and water absorption.The Class A brick has strength of 125N / mm² and water absorption of less than 4.5%. Class B engineering bricks have a strength greater than 75N / mm² and water absorption of less than 7%. Traditionally used in civil engineering, these bricks are also useful for damp courses and structural design. 90003 90008 90005 Bullnose Bricks 90006 These special bricks are used when round edges are needed, for gate recesses, quadrants or arches. 90003 90008 90005 Off Shades or Seconds or ATR or Random Quality.90006 These are batches of bricks which are generally consistent in colour but do not match the product which is marketed. 90003 90008 90005 Different uses for bricks 90006 90003 90008 Dependant on their final use, the bricks are named accordingly. 90013 Radial Bricks either have one edge shorter than the other or vary in thickness. This type of brick is used for walls with curved edges. Arch bricks are used for arches as they have one end thicker than the other. 90013 Ordinary bricks or facebricks and have regular shape and colour used for the outside of building etc.90013 Fire bricks are generally yellow in colour and used in places where they would be subject to high temperatures. Paving bricks are of uniform size and colour and have been made by burning hard clay or shale. Good brick to be used where toughness and water tightness is essential. Aesthetic appearance 90013 Bricks can be made to virtually any specification, Overall strength and water absorption of clay bricks Compressive strengths vary from 5 N / mm2 to 125N / mm2 90013 Water absorption varies from 6-26% dependant on brick type 90013 Brick Dimensions Metric and imperial 90003 90008 90005 Brick Sizes 90013 90006 Metric bricks are a little smaller than the old imperial one.New bricks can be bonded into old brickwork by slightly increasing the mortar bed joint. Brick sizes have remained fairly constant over the years: – 90003 90008 Metric and Imperial 215 × 102.5 × 50 90003 90008 Standard Metric215 × 102.5 × 65 90003 90008 Metric 225 × 107.5 × 67 90003 90008 Imperial 230 × 110 × 70 90003 90008 Imperial 230 × 110 × 73 90003 90008 Imperial 230 × 110 × 76 90003 90008 Imperial 230 × 110 × 80 90003 90008 Although in the UK, the depth used to be less (about 2 ins / 51mm) whereas modern bricks are about 2.5 ins / 64mm. 90003 90008 90005 Brick Cutting 90006 90003 90008 Brick cuttingis the process of cutting bricks into the desired size or in most cases to cut and bond them together using an epoxy mortar to form angle bricks these are mainly used on bay windows and conservatories etc. 90003 90008 Thermal Efficiency and Compliance with Building Regulations http://www.bbacerts.co.uk/ 90003 90008 90005 Kiln Brick Burning 90013 90006 After all bricks have been allowed time to dry they are placed in a kiln for burning which finishes off the brick to achieve the optimum strength and colour.90013 There a few different types of kilns which are currently used to burn bricks. 90003 90008 90005 The Scotch Kiln 90006 is the most commonly used in the UK. This is a rectangular building which is open at the top and has side doors with fireholes built from fire bricks. The kilns will contain approximately 80, 000 bricks at full capacity. Raw bricks are arranged in the kiln leaving gaps in between each brick to ensure an even burn. It takes approximately three days to burn off the moisture from the bricks, at which point the firing is increased for the final burn.It takes between 48 and 60 hours to completely burn a brick to achieve its maximum strength. As mentioned before the bricks from the centre of kiln will be of the highest quality whilst the ones from the edges are sometimes clinkered and unsuitable for exterior work. 90013 Up Draft Kiln. Used more frequently for handmade bricks and in small brick yards, this old fashioned kiln is only up to 15 feet high. 90013 90005 Down Draft Kilns 90006 are generally of a beehive type shape with fire produced outside of the kiln and carried in through flues.It is believed that all types of clay whether it be pottery or brick work, burn more evenly in a down draft kiln. For Terra-cotta brickwork this type of kiln is usually used. 90013 90005 Continuous kilns 90006 are the most expensive type of kiln to construct. This type of kiln is a continuously fired tunnel in which the bricks pass through very slowly on a rail to achieve a consistently durable brick. This is continuous conveyor belt with bricks being dried and added at one end while at the other end they are being burnt.This is a very efficient way of burning bricks. They also achieve a greater number of grade 1 bricks using this method. 90003 90008 The colour of brick is influenced by the chemical and mineral content of the mixture but also how high the temperature was during burning. Bricks are generally red, but an increase in temperature can change them to dark red, purple, brown or grey. Bricks containing silicate depend on the colourant used. The colour and place of manufacture is reflected in the brick names.90003 90008 90005 Mortars 90013 90006 To make any kind of brick work complete it must be plied together with mortar. The way in which the bricks are bonded together is vital to the strength of the overall structure. Concrete mortars contain aggregates of more than 5mm where as mortar contains aggregates less than 5mm. 90013 General purpose mortar contains either 90013 Sand, lime and cement 90013 Sand and masonry cement 90013 Sand, cement and plasticiser 90013 Mortar is then graded between 1 and 5 depending on strength.5 being the weakest. 90013 Mortar Cement-Lime-Sand Cement- Sand Cement – Sand-plasticiser 90013 The mixture has to be mixed together with clean water before it is ready to use 90013 Normal bricks should be laid on a bed of mortar at least 3/16 “and no more than 3/8 “thick. For a course of bricks 8 courses high, your mortar should not exceed 2 “in total. With pressed bricks being smoother a mortar joint of 1/8 “can be used. For rough stone work a mortar with rough sand can be used, but for pressed brickwork it must be very fine sand.90003 90185 90005 Lime Mortar 90006 90003 90185 Slaked lime is used to make lime mortar. The mortar is made by mixing sand with slaked lime at the proportion of 1 part lime to 5 parts sand. There are two types of lime used in lime mortars, one that sets and hardens by the reaction with the air (non-hydraulic) and one which sets by reaction to the water (hydraulic). 90013 Non-hydraulic lime is made from pure calcium carbonate, or chalk or limestone. This is burned in a kiln tocreate calcium oxide or quicklime.When this is slaked with water it takes on another form as calcium hydroxide. Calcium hydroxide reacts with the air to set. This is what sets the brickwork together and creates the strength. 90003 90185 Hydraulic Limes. Calcium carbonates naturally occur but can include some impurities. It is these impurities which when burned in a kiln create the calcium silicates or aluminates that react with water to set. Enough water is added to the mixture to create calcium hydroxide powder form. The hydraulic lime is then graded depending on their overall set strength.90003 90185 90005 White and Coloured Mortar 90006 90003 90008 White and coloured mortars should be made using lime putty and screened sand. Colour is created by adding additional minerals to the white mortar. Coloured mortars are not as strong as white mortars. However the more popular mortar colours are red, brown, buff and black, green, purple and grey. 90013 Cement Mortars 90013 Cement mortars should be used in areas of damp or below grade work, also in places which will have heavy loads such as arches.Cement mortars should also be used for setting coping stones or where the brick work will be exposed to the elements. For under water construction Portland cement mortars should be used. 90013 Mortar Tinting from Bricks UK available at http://www.extensionmatch.co.uk/motartinting.html 90013 When new extensions or refurbished brick and stonework are being carried out, matching the mortar joint with the original brick work can be a problem . Extension Match colour tinting extends to mortar tinting.We can match mortar colours perfectly and permanently and all work is guaranteed for the life of the brickwork. 90013 Grout can also be tinted. Shown below is a tiled bathroom floor – the customer was not happy with the original grout finish so we tinted the grout joint which transformed the overall appearance of the tiled floor. 90003 90008 90005 Brickwork Bonds 90013 90006 Brickwork bonding is how the bricks are arranged. They usually overlap in between courses which helps distribute the load and provide a more stable structure.General brickwork should not be less than ¼ bonded with mortar. 90003 90008 90005 Stretcher bond 90006 90003 90002 This bond is the most commonly used today. Bricks used to make this bond are just half a 90013 brick wide. As with any brickwork, no two adjacent vertical joints should be in line. When 90013 turning a corner at the end of straight run, the two runs should be interlocked on every other 90013 course. 90003 90219 90005 English Bond 90006 90003 90002 An English bond has alternating courses of headers and stretchers.The alternative headers 90013 should be centred over and under the vertical joints. 90003 90185 90005 90228 Flemish Bond 90229 90006 90003 90002 This bond has alternating headers and stretchers along each course. The headers should be 90013 centred above the stretchers above and below. 90003 90185 90005 90228 American Common Bond 90229 90006 90003 90002 This bond is very similar to the English Bond but its headers run one in every six courses of 90013 stretchers. 90003 90185 90005 90228 Header Bond 90229 90006 90003 90002 This type of bond is used for walls which need to be curved.It is made by full bricks laid 90013 header wise with a ¾ bat on alternate courses. 90003 90185 90005 90228 P 90229 ointing 90013 90006 Pointing is effectively the application and maintenance of the mortar which bonds the brickwork. After the masonry has been laid, the gaps are in filled with mortar, this is known as pointing. Pointing should not be done during any extreme hot or cold weather. 90013 If re-pointing, any vegetation growing on the mortar should be removed and the existing mortar should be chiselled back.This should be done using either s plugging chisel, club hammer or mini angle grinder to a depth of 13mm. 90013 All the debris should then be washed off and the walls should be left to dry before the re-pointing begins. The mortar used for the pointing should be 1: 3 parts and be quite stiff so the mixture does not fall of the trowel. 90003 90185 90005 Different types of Pointing 90006 90003 90185 Weather Struck Joint 90003 90185 Weather Struck and Cut Pointing 90003 90002 Similar to the previous weather struck joint, except the bed joints are neatly trimmed using a Frenchman or pointing trowel.90003 90185 Tooled, Bucket Handel Joint 90003 90002 The most popular joint used today, where the joint bed is slightly rounded inwards. The mortar should not be pressed in too hard. The tool needed for this job is a rubber hose, an old type bucket handle. 90003 90185 Flush or Rag Joint 90003 90002 This finish of this joint is flush with the brick work, smoothed off with a rag. This finish should only be used for brickwork above water level. 90003 90185 Recessed Joints 90003 90002 This Finish of this joint is recessed.The mortar is formed to a consistence depth of approximately 5 mm. This joint should only be used with a frost resistant brick and is not recommended where the brickwork could be exposed to severe wind driven rain. 90003 90002 This type of joint should be used when the bricks have become uneven over time due to weathering. The joint is pointed by filling the perp joint first and then the bed joint which would be shaped by placing the trowel on the perp joint and angling it downwards to create a smooth finish.90003 90286 Like this: 90287 90008 Like Loading … 90003 90008 90286 90228 Related 90229 90287 90003.90000 Brick Wall Optical Illusion: Can you see what else is in this picture? 90001 The Brick Wall Illusion That’s Messing With People’s Minds 90002 Take a look at this picture and what do you see? 90003 90002 You think it’s just a brick wall, right? And you might also see a turtle’s head between the cracks. 90003 90002 90007 US politician forgets to close down porn tabs before posting screenshotIf you said turtle’s head, you’re close but no cigar, I’m afraid. And it’s not a lump of rock.There’s way more to it than you think. 90003 90002 We’ve tried it out on a few people in the office to see if they can spot the mystery object, but so far we’ve been met with blank looks. 90003 90002 Until, that is, we reveal what’s there. 90003 90002 We like it so much that we want to un-see it just so we can see it again. 90003 90015 Click here for the answer 90016 90002 Click to reveal 90003 90019 90002 Click to return 90003 90022 90002 90003 .